CLASSIFICATIO- KINGDOM PLANTAE



CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS. 
biology


3. KINGDOM PLANTAE.

     
    Kingdom plantae
    Kingdom plantae 

    Plants are organisms which have chlorophyll in the and are able to manufacture their own food in the presence of sunlight, using carbondioxide and water.


    CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTAE

       



    • They are multicellular and eucaryotic (nuclei are surrounded by nuclear membranes).

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    • They contain chlorophyll and hence hence carry out autotrophic nutrition.

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    • They store food in the form of starch.

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    • Their cells have rigid cellulose cell walls.

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    • They do not carry out locomotion and have limited movement.


      • The major divisions of plants

      BRYOPHYTA


      example (liverworts,mosses).

      Characteristics

         



      • they are multicellular, non-flowering and non-vascular plants.

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      • Their body is a thallus i.e have no true roots, stems and leaves but have structures resembling them.

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      • They roproduce sexually by gamete formation and asexually by spores and also vegetatively.

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      • Live in moist terrestrial environments.


        • TRACHEOPHYTA

        (Vascular plants)

           



        1. Pteridophyta


          2. Examples (True ferns,club mosses,horse tails)

          Characteristics

             



          • Non-flowering vascular plants.

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          • Have true roots,stems and leaves (also called fronds).

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          • Reproduce by special gametes and spores.

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          • They are mostly terrestrial though some are aquatic.


            • Spermatophyta (seed plants)

            a) Gymnosperms

            examples(pine,fir,cupressus)

            Characteristics

               



            • Non flowering seed bearing vascular plants.

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            • Seed are covered in cones

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            • Have true roots,stemsscales and needle like leaves


              • b). Angiosperms (Anthophyta)

              These are flowering plants that bares flowers as a reproductive organ. They are group into two groups i.e monoctyledons and dicotyledons.

              MONOCTYLEDONS.

              These are flowering plants which have only one seed like structure (cotyledon).

              Characteristics

                 



              • Seeds have only one cotyledon.

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              • Leaves are long and narrow, have a leaf sheath if not sessile and parallel venation.

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              • Have fibrous root system.

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              • Flower parts usually in 3's or multiples of 3.

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              • Matured seeds have an endosperm

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              • Vascular bundles in stem are scattered.

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              • Calyx and corolla not easy to differentiate hence collectively referred to as the perianth.

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              • They are wind pollinated.

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              • Mostly herbaceous (non woody) with no secondary growth.


                • DICOTYLEDONS

                These are flowering plants which have two seed like structure (cotyledons).

                CHARACTERISTICS

                   



                • Seeds have two cotyledons.

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                • Leaves are broad with variety of shapes with network venation and some petioles.

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                • Have tap root system.

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                • flower parts usually in 4's or 5's or multiple of 3.

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                • have secondary growth in woody type.

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                • Vascular bundles in stems in a ring.

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                • Calyx and corolla and distinct.

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                • Often insect pollinated.
                • Check this as well detailed notes on kingdom plantae

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